Regionis Capitis El Colli
.
SCALP
-
S
- S: Skin (sweat glands, sebacous glands, hair)
-
C
- C: Connective tissue (with blood vessels and nerves) → Very fibrous, prevents vasoconstriction
-
A
- A: Aponeurosis ( tendious sheath) → Occipital and frontal bellies of the occipitofrontalis muscle
- Attachment
-
Anteriorly:
Supraorbiral margins of the frontal bone
-
Posteriorly:
superior nuchal lines of occipital bone
-
Laterally:
zygomatic arches
-
-
L
- L: Loose areolar CT (Allows movement) → danger space → This layer contains emissary veins that are connected to dural sinusesThere is a risk for intracranial transmission of infections on the scalp
-
P
- P: Pericranium ( Neurocranial periosteum)
-
Vaskularisasi
-
Internal carotid (via ophthalmic artery)
branches off into :
-
a. supratrochlear
-
a. supraorbital.
-
branches
The following are the branches of the internal carotid artery, listed by segment
- C1: Branches from the cervical portion - none.
- C2: Branches from the petrous portion
- C3: Branches from the lacerum portion - none
- C4: Branches from the cavernous portion
- Branches of the meningohypophyseal trunk:
- Tentorial basal branch
- Tentorial marginal branch
- Meningeal branch - helps supply blood to the meninges of the anterior cranial fossa
- Clivus branches - tiny branches that supply the clivus
- Inferior hypophyseal artery
- Capsular branches - supplies wall of cavernous sinus
- Branches of the inferolateral trunk:
- Branches to trigeminal ganglion - provide blood to trigeminal ganglion
- Artery of the foramen rotundum
- Branches to nerves
- Branches of the meningohypophyseal trunk:
- C5: Branches from the clinoid portion - none
- C6: Branches from the ophthalmic portion
- C7: Branches from the communicating portion
- Posterior communicating artery
- Anterior choroidal artery
- Anterior cerebral artery (a terminal branch)
- Middle cerebral artery (a terminal branch)
-
-
External carotid branches
- superficial temporal artery → almost the entire lateral aspect of the scalp
- posterior auricular artery→the area posterior to the ears
- occipital artery → a large part of the posterior aspect of the scalp
- Maxilarry artery
-
-
Inervasi
- Preauricular region ( in front of auricle)
-
Sensory
Sensory: → cabang2 n.trigeminus (V), n V bercabang menjadi 3 cabang besar yi.
-
- N. ophthalmicus. (V1)
→ keluar dari rongga cranium melewati fissura orbitasi superior dan masuk kedalam cavum orbita.
- N.supraorbitalis.
- N.supratrochlearis.
- N. infratrochlearis.
- N.lacrimalis.
- N. nasalis externa.
-
N. maxillaris. (V2)
→ keluar dari cavum cranii melewati foramen rotundum kemudian menuju fossa infra pterygopalatina
- R. Zygomaticotemporalis.
- R.zygomaticofacialis.
- N.infra orbitalis
-
N. mandibularis.(V3)
→ keluar dari cavum cranii melewai foramen ovale.
a. trunkus anterior adalah:
- r. buccalis,
- r. masseterica,
- n. temporalis profundus,
- r. ptergoideus lateralis.
Semua syaraf ini kecuali r. buccalis adalah motoris. b. truncus posterior adalah:
- n. auriculotemporalis,
- n. lingualis,
- n. alveolaris inferior.
Semua syaraf ini kecuali r. mylohyoideus adalah sensoris.
- N.auriculotemporalis.
- R. Buccalis.
- N. mentalis
-
-
Motor
- Temporal branch- Facial nerve (VII)
-
- Post auricular region ( behing auricle)
-
Sensory
- Great auricular- C 2.3
- Lesser occipital - C 2
- Greater occipital- C2
- Third occipital- C3
-
Motor
cabang n.facialis (VII) → posterior auricular branch of facial nerve
-
Front of the auricle:
Sensory: → cabang2 n.trigeminus (V), n V bercabang menjadi 3 cabang besar yi.
- Preauricular region ( in front of auricle)
Facialis
-
Regiones
regio frontalis, orbitalis, nasalis, infraorbitalis, zygomaticus, buccalis. oralis dan mentalis.
-
Otot Mimik
Muscles of facial expression called the buccolabial group. Besides levator anguli oris, this group also contains levator labii superioris alaeque nasi, levator labii superioris, zygomaticus major, zygomaticus minor, risorius, depressor labii inferioris, depressor anguli oris, mentalis, orbicularis oris, incisivus superior and inferior, and buccinator muscles (keep bolus in the central co).
- Kelompok orbital.
- orbicularis oculi .
- lacrimalis → Draws eyelids and lacrimal puncta medially to drain tears
- (inner palpebral part) → blinking→ gentle
- (outer orbital part) → squinting → tightly closing eyelid
- kelompok corrugator supercilia. → eyebrow
- orbicularis oculi .
- Kelompok nasalis.
- m. nasalis,
- m.procerus ,
- m. depressor septi nasi,
- Kelompok oral.
- M. depressor anguli oris. (frown) :(
- M. depressor labii inferior.
- M. mentalis
- M. risorius.(runs transversely from corners of mouth) → lesung pipit
- M. zygomaticus major. (more lateral on cheek)
- M. zygomaticus minor.(more medial on cheek)
- M. levator labii superior.
- M. levator labii superior.
- M. levator anguli oris. (smile) :) → elevate lip
- M. orbicularis oris. (surround all of mouth)
- Kelompok orbital.
-
Vaskularisasi
-
A. Maxilaris
A. maxillaris merupakan sumber utama aliran darah untuk cavum nasi,untuk dinding dan atap cavum nasi, semua gigi, dura mater di cavum cranii. Berada di fossa infratemporale, masuk ke fossa pterygoplatina , pecah menjadi 3 bagia yaitu
-
bony : (capitulum mandibulae dan lig. Sphenomandibulare.)
-
Deep Auricular
-
Anterior Tympanic
-
Middle Meningeal
-
Accessory Meningeal
-
Inferior Alveolar
DeA MAIn
-
-
muscular (sebelah superficial m. ptrygoideus lateralis.)
-
Masseteric Branch
-
Pterygoid Branch
-
Deep/ profundus Temporal (Anterior and Posterior)
-
Buccal
(Mad Poodles Don't Bark)
-
-
Branches of the Third Part (cabang a. maaxillaris di fossa pterygopalatina)
-
Greater and Lesser Palatine
-
Posterior Superior Alveolar
-
Infraorbital Artery
-
Pharyngeal Artery
-
Artery of the Pterygoid Canal
GPIPA
-
-
-
Aliran Lymphe
-
Lnn. (Lymphonodi) Submentalis.
Menerima lymphe dari
- Bagian medial bibir bawah.
- Dagu.
-
Lnn. Submandibulairs.
Menerima aliran lymphe dari Bagian yang lebih superficial kel sub mandibularis.
- Daerah sebelah inferior corpus mandibulae.
- Sudut medial orbita.
- Nasus externa.
- Bagian medial pipi.
- Bibir atas dan bagian lateral bibir bawah.
-
lnn.preauricular dan parotis.
Menerima aliran lymphe dari.
- Kelopak mata.
- Bagian lateral dari pipi.
-
Colli
-
Colli (Leher)
Dimulai dari tepi bawah mandibula, sampai tepi atas sternum (ventral).
- Dimulai dari linea nuchalis posterior sampai discus vertebralis CVII- TI (dorsal).
-
Fascia
-
Definisi
Fascia: lapisan jaringan ikat yang menebal dibawah kulit.
-
Jenis
-
Fascia colli superficialis.
Berisi platysma.
-
Fascia colli profundus tersusun oleh:
-
Investing layer , membungkus semua struktur yang ada di leher. → otot
-
Prevertebral layer, membungkus kompartemen vertebral. (Berisi columna vertebra, medula spinalis , n. spinalis dan otot otot yang berhubungan dengan columnna vertebralis.)-M bungkus m trapezius
-
Pretracheal layer, membungkus viscera di regio colli. (Berisi saluran pencernaan, saluran pernafasan, dan kel.endokrin.)
-
Carotid sheaths, membungkus kedua kompartemen vascular.
-? vena jugularis, a. carotis communig, n. vagus
-
-
-
-
Spatium
- Spatium pretrachealis. → Menghubungkan regio colli dengan mediastinum superior.
- Spatium retropharyngealis. → Menghubungkan regio colli dengan mediastinum posterior. → potential space → contains loose connective tissue → may infected from inoculum
- Spatium ketiga didalam lamina prevertebralis. → Mulai dari basis cranii sp diaphragma
-
Regio
Kedua regio ini dibatasi oleh tepi anterior m.trapezius
-
regio colli posterior
-
Trigonum Musculare:
Batas : m.omohyoid superior, m.sternocleidomatoid, median line ventrale Isi : Mm.infra hyoid , glandula thyroid dan glandula Para thyroid
-
Dibagi dua oleh venter inferior m. omohyoid menjadi:
-
Trigonum occipitalis
-
Trigonum supraclavicularis
N.accessorius (N.XI) Limphonodi A. subclavia bagian ke 3 dengan cabang-cabangnya (a.transversa cervikalis, a.suprascapularis)
-
-
-
regio colli anterior
Kedua regio ini dibatasi oleh m.sternocleidomastoideus.
- trigonum anterior
-
Suprahyoid
Trigonum Submandibulare : Batas : Basis mandibula, m. digastricus venter anterior dan venter posterior Isi : A/v. facialis, Gl.submandibularis, Gl.parotis, A. carotis interna/externa,
-
N.glossopharyngeus, n.vagus
Trigonum Submentale : ( Trigonum Supra hyoid ) Batas : Venter Anterior m.digastricus sinistra et dextra dan os hyoid Isi : lnn. submentalis ,v. jugularis anterior Infrahyoid
-
Trigonum Caroticum
Batas : Venter post. M. digastricus, m. sternocleidomastoid , m. omohyoid superior Isi : A. carotis communis dengan cabangnya ( a.carotis int/ext ) , v. jugularis interna, N.IX (accesorius ), N.XII ( hypoglossi), Ansa cervicalis hypoglossi, N. Vagus(X), larynx, pharynx
-
- trigonum anterior
-
-
Musculi
-
M. Platysma :
Origo : fascia dan kulit di atas m. pectoralis mayor + m.deltoidmenyilang clavicula, keatas, ke medial sepanjang leher Insertio : tepi bawah mandibula dan kulit facei bagian bawah. Inervasi : ramus cervicalis n.facialis (N. VII )
-
M. Sternocleidomastoidea :
Origio : caput sternalis : pada manubrium sterni caput claviculare : pada 1/3 medial permukaan sup.clavicula Insertio : tepi lateral processus mastoideus Inervasi : ramus spinalis n. accessorius (N.XI ) Ramus ventrale n. cervicalis ke 2 dan 3
-
M. Trapezius :
Origio : protuberantia occipitalis externus, linea nuchae processus Cervical-7 - thoracal Insertio : clavicula, acromion, spina scapulae Inervasi : n. accessorius (N.XI ) ramus ventralis n. cervical 4,3
-
Mm. Suprahyoid
-
M. Mylohioid ;
Origo : linea mylohioid Insertio : corpus hyoid Inervasi : cabang n.mandibulare ( n.mylohyoid )
-
M.Geniohyoid ;
Origo : spina mentale mandibulae Insertio : corpus hyoidA Inervasi : cabang n.Cervical 1, melalui n. hypoglossi
-
M. Stylohyoid
Origo : processus styloideus os temporalis Insertio : corpus hyoid Inervasi : ramus cervicalis n. facialis
-
M. Digastricus : ( M. Biventer ) ..Venter
anterior dan Venter posterior Origio : anterior venter : fossa digastrica mandibulae, posterior venter : incissura mastoidea t temporale Insertio : intermediate tendon pada corpus/cornu majus hyoid Inervasi : Venter anterior. N.mylohyoid-; Venter.post. N.facialis
-
-
Mm. Infrahyoid
-
M. Sternohyoid :
Origo : manubrium sterni Insertio : corpus hyoid Inervasi : ansa cervicalis ramus cev.l,cv2,cv3
-
M. Sternothyroid :
Origo : manubrium sterni Insertio : linea obliqua cartilago thyroid Inervasi : ansa cervicalis ramus cerv.2, cerv3
-
M. Thyrohyoid :
Origo : corpus dan cornu mayus hyoid Insertio : linea obliqua cartilago thyroid Inervasi : ramus cerv l mell n. hypoglossi
-
M. Omohyoid :
Origo : tepi atas scapulae Insertio : tepi bawah corpus hyoid Inervasi : ramus cev l, cev2, cv3. Cab ansa cervicalis
-
-
-
Vascularisation
-
Vena
The external carotid artery (latin: arteria carotis externa) arises from the common carotid artery at the level of the superior border of the thyroid cartilage of the larynx. The external carotid artery is one of the major arteries that supply the head, specifically, the face, scalp, tongue, upper and lower teeth, gums, paranasal sinuses, external and middle ear, pharynx, larynx, and the superior pole of the thyroid gland.
The external carotid artery on each side arises in the carotid triangle, lying anteromedial to the internal carotid artery. It ascends from the lateral upper border of the thyroid cartilage anteriorly on each side of the neck and then bends posteriorly and a little laterally. Then the external carotid artery passes between the tip of the mastoid process and the angle of the mandible and enters the parotid salivary gland where it divides into its terminal branches: the superficial temporal and maxillary arteries.
- As it ascends, the external carotid artery gives off the following branches.
- Anterior branches: lingual, facial, superior thyroid arteries.
- Posterior branches: occipital, posterior auricular arteries.
- Medial branch: ascending pharyngeal artery..
- As it ascends, the external carotid artery gives off the following branches.
-
Lymphe
Aliran lymphe colli disalurkan ke 5 lnn superficialis yaitu: lnn. Occipitalis. lnn. Retroauricularis. lnn. Preauricularis. lnn submandibularis. lnn. Submentalis Selanjutnya lymphe dialirkan ke lnn profundus.
-
-
Innervation
- n. occipitalis minor. n. auricularis magnus. n.cervicalis transversus. n. supraclavicularis. b. Profundus/ profundus ----- ansa hypoglossi
b. Muscular
- n. phrenicus, menginervasi diaphragma. r. muscularis untuk otot prevertebral. r. muscularis untuk m. Infrahyoid melalui ansa hypoglossi
Tidak ada komentar: