Immunology

Innate

• overview
  • Definition
  • response?
  • Cells
• Physical, chemical, and biological mechanisms
  • Intact outer skin and mucous membranes (physical barrier)
  • Mucus (chemical barrier) contains nonspecific and specific protective substances against infection.
  • Coughing and sneezing (reflex) protect airways
  • Exocytosis of cytotoxic molecules and proteins
• Imunitas Alamiah/ Nonspesifik
  • Sudah ada sejak lahir
  • Tidak spesifik
  • Tidak punya memori
  • Sistem pertahanan awal

First line:

• 1: Fisik
  • Kulit dan mukosa
  • Aparatus lakrimal
  • Saliva
  • Air seni
  • Silia pada saluran nafas (saat batuk buang patogen)
• 2. Kimia
  • Sebum (lemak tak jenuh menghambat mikroorganisme)
  • Lisozim (di saliva, airmata, sekresi hidung)
  • Asam lambung: mencegah pertumbuhan
• 3: Mikrobiota normal
  • Mikroba yang baik
  • Menghambat bakteri lain: kompetisi nutrisi
  • Produksi antibiotik
  • Mengubah keasaman serta keberadaan O2

Cellular mechanisms - Second Line

• Respiratory burst (oxidative burst)
  • Definition
  • Mechanism
• HLA system and pattern recognition receptors
  • Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)
  • Toll-like receptors (TLRs)

Humoral mechanisms

• mediated by

  proteins that are secreted into bodily fluids or the blood stream.

  • initiate additional immune responses via:

• Acute phase proteins

• Complement system

  • what is it?
  • Activation
  • Effect
  • Inhibition

Adaptive immune system

• overview

  provides an antigen-specific response following exposure to a microbial pathogen or foreign substance (e.g., antigen).

Humoral

• B cell (B lymphocyte)
  • Overview
  • B cell activation
  • Affinity maturation
  • Isotype switching (class switching)

Cell Mediated

• T cell ( T lymphocytes)
  • Overview
  • development
  • activation
  • effects (3)