1. Dentisi Manusia: Aspek Antropologis

Study tentang antropos (latin, antro=manusia)

Ragawi: sisi biologisnya

• variasi manusia dari sisi budaya, morfologi

Eg: kaitan morfologi dengan budaya (orang indo pingin putih, bule pingin tan)

The study of humans, past (2 juta th yll, tertua di Indo mojokertensis, 2,3 di Afrika) and present (apakah perbedaannya?)

To understand complexicity of cultures across all of human history,

Build upon knowledge from the social and biological sciences as well as …

A central concern of antropologist is the application knowledge to the solution of human problems

Insisive: double , interuption groove, winging, curvature -> beda antara populasi (seperti fingerprint)

Caninus:

Physical Antropology

• Seek to understand how human adapt to diverse enviroment

Arab vs Jawa (gigi genetically influent) meskipun makan sama morfologi beda**,** klo tulang kuat tapi tergantung lingkungan misal tungkai)

Anterior fovea Jawa lebih kelihatan

Jawa ukuran lebih kecil

• How biological and cultural processes work together to shape growth, development and behavior, and what causes disease and early death

Pertumbuhan tinggi badan dipengaruhi menyerap kalsium, tubuh respon stress

Bagaimana gigi merespon kondisi tidak ideal sehingga karies (thickness of enamel -> genetically)

Eg: Homo erectus, sulit makan, nutrisi kurang terpenuhi-> sakit-> mati

Dulu gabisa buat api, misal ada gunung meletus, kebakaran, trus dijaga, gigi paling lama berubah karena paling keras dan strongly genetic influence

Eg: gigi berdesakan adanya lengkung gigi kecil menikah dengan lengkung gigi besar (gigi besar)

• Interested in human biological origins, evolution, and variation

Apa betul ada evolusi?

Bukti: molar ke 3(wisdom teeth) tumbuhnya miring, dulu 2 jt yll tidak miring

Evolusi: perubahan frekuensi tentang treat tertentu (eg: gigi)

Dental Anthropoly

• Information obtained from the teeth of either skeletal or modern human population to resolve antro problems
• Morphological variation (Dental morphological features) and metrics
• Compare ancient and modern man, and population groups, similarities and difference

Eg: molar-> Y shape (di Driophytecus), X shape,

• The scientific study of ancient people using evidence found within their teeth

Mengakses tengkorak tapi udah gajelas bentuknya, gigi carabelly di Eropa dan Asia. Insisivus ada shovel? …. Orang Eropa!

Socio-cultural and biological aspects

What to Learn

• Evolution
• Crowding
• Abnormal shape and position of M3
• Variation
• Measurement
• Crown variation
• Root variation

Eg: pulp cavity, besar (paurodon (pauro= kerbau)) kecil (?)

perpecahan akar (ada percabangan, semakin besar semakin banyak cabang)

Sequence of teeth emergence and teeth development in various populations

identifikasi umur dari gigi yang sudah erupsi

Age determination using tooth wear and eruption

Keausan di tua lebih besar (sering dipake)

The Highlight

Applying an antropoogical perspective

Prevention, treatment of common dental diseases that are prevalent in comtemporary societies

Orto diperbanyak, adanya perubahan makanan (banyak manis-> karies adanya perlu perawatan akar) -> Endodontics

Evolution in Human Face and Dentition

Masih ada homo erectus, remember PERUBAHAN FREKUENSI

Homo erectus dulu 100, sekarang 20

Human=bisa memburu karena semakin cerdas

Crowding

Understanding the

Eg: perubahan lengkung gigi (dentition)

Variation in Teeth Eruption

M2 eropa= stage 9 (6,5 to 11 yrs), African = stage 9 (4,5 to 10,5 yrs)

Variation In Crown and Roots

• Genetics endowment
• Enviroment

Culture

Modification of teeth

• Intentional
• Unintentional

Food

• Abbrasion

Nasi jagung dg nasi beda abrasi

Ide PKM: beda gigi jawa n palembang

• Erosion

Caused by either intrinsic or extrinsic sources-> culture related: "thin beatiful", klo dimuntahin, asam lambung akan keluar, mengikis gigi

Habit

• Teeth grinding (bruxism) -> Attrition
• Nail/ pencil biting

Dental Treat

• Untuk individuasi
• Mempelajari kebiasaan dan budaya

Tonjol di eropa (cusp ke 4 biasanya mengecil), jawa (5/6/7)

• Carabelli cusp

Tuberculum dentale, doubled root canine

Teeth Modification

SUMMARY

Cultural change->Change of processing food ->  Morphological change->  human change dentition

• Dentist role: helping consequence

Insisive 2 bawah mulai ga tumbuh

Human will continus redefine and reshape themselves by modifying their teeth

Role:

• Overcome consequences
• Make people aware
• Aware activities that may modify their teeth unintentionally and intentionally